Ders Fiqh aur Adab🕋
2021/05/11, Ders 10
Fehrist:
★ Zakat al fitr
★ Ahm Zakat
★ Qarz, Qarz aur Zakat
★ Sona, Chandi aur raqam ka Nisab
★ Aap kis ko zakat de sakte hain
★ Eid kay din kya salah di jate hai
★ Eid al fitr aur Eid al adha mein farq
★ Eid ki namaz
★ Woh din jis mein rozay rakhna mana hai
★ Shawwal ke 6 rozay
★ Eid ul abrar
Hum ne Zakat kay baray mei pichli baar baat ki. Ramzan al mubarak mein har shakhs ke liye Zakat al fitr hai, se koi farq nahi parta ke aap maldar hai ya nahi. Har shakhs ko yeh zakat rozay kay liye dene honge. Aap har shakhs ke liye pooray mahine mein ek baar zakat fitr detay hain, aur yeh sirf ramzan mein hai. Chahe aap daulat mand hon ya nahin, aap ko har ek ke liye ek baar dena hoga. Is se koi farq nahin padta ki aap jawaan hain ya Bude, humein Zakat al fitr dena chahiye, us bachche ke liye bhi jo Eid ki namaz se pehle paida ho, is shakhs ke liye bhi zakat al fitr dena hai. Mujhe lagta hai ki hum ne pichli baar is ki wazahat ki thi.
Dusri Zakat, badi zakat, aap ise saal mein koi bhi waqt de sakte hain ,lekin aksar log ise ramzan mein dena pasand kartay hain kyon ki isay dena yad rakhna aasan hota hai. Zakat denay ke koi khas mang nahin hai balki ramzan mein dena zyada barkat hai. Aap Ramzan al mubarak mein bhi apne zakat ka hisab laga saktay hain aur aglay ramzan tak pooray sal de sakte hain. Aur zakat ka hisab Qamri saal yane Islami saal ki buniyad par hona chahiye.
Ek aurat kahti hai ki woh apnay peson se munafa kama rahi hai aur woh poochhte hai ki kya usey nafa ki zakat bhi dena chahiye? Nahi, aap zakat sirf us ahm raqam ke liye dete hain jo ek saal kay liye mojud hai aur rakhi hai ya badh rahi hai. Lekin agar aap itna munafa kmatay hai ki aap ke asl raqam dugne ho rahe hai aur yeh naya adad o shumar pooray qamri saal tak aapke paas rahe ga to aap ko apne zakat ke raqam bhi dugni karni hogi. Apne asl raqam par jo munafa kamaya hain us ke liye zakat ki zaroorat nahi hai. Aur nahi hai us raqam ke liye jo aap buniyadi raqam se zindagi guzarne ke akhrajat kay liye istemal karte hain. Zakat ke aap par wajib honay kay liye aap ke paas kam se kam raqam hone chahiye aur yeh raqam poray qamre sal tak bagair kisi kami ke aap kay paas rahte hain. Is ko zakat ka nisab kaha jata hain. Agar aap ka maal nisab say kam hai toh is raqam par zakat nahi hain.
.Aap ki har cheez ke liye zakat hai .Aap ko apnay sone aur chandi ki zakat ada karni chahiye .Ek aurat chandi ke baray mein poochh rahe the, us ne kaha,’hamare paas chandi ki takhti hain, hamare paas chandi ke chamchay hain, wagherah’ .Jo kuchh aap kay paas hai agar nisab se zyada ho to aap ko is ki zakat dene hogi. Har 40 hisson ke badle aap ek hissa detey hain, yani 100% ke liye , 2.5% zakat hai . Lekin aap ke paas nisab ke hadh se zyada hona chaheay,yani: taqrebaًn 100 gram sona, ya taqrebaًn 600 gram chandi. Jahan tak qarz
ka taluq hai, agar qarz us raqam se zyada hai jis ke liye aap zakat dena chahte hain, toh aap par zakat wajib nahin, ulta aap apna qarz ada karein. Lekin agar aap par qarz hai aur aap ke paas qarz se zyada raqam hai to aap ko zakat dena hogi, chahay aap par qarz ho. Aaj kal bahut se log credit lete hain – un ke paas pese hai lekin woh bank say bhi credit lete hai, aur yeh karz hai – agar yeh qarz aap ki asl raqam se zyada hai jis ke aap ko zakat dena hai to aap zakat nahi dete .lekin agar yeh qarz aap ke asl raqam se kam hai toh aap ko zakat deni hogi.
Mae’a raqam ka nisab wahi hai jo sone ka nisab hay: 100 gram .agar aap ke paas mojud banknote ya mae’a raqam 100 gram sone se zyada sone ke barabar hai to aap ko as ke zakat dene chahiye.
Agar aap ke paas ghair taqseem shadh viraasat hai – maslaًn aap ke walid ya walda fot ho gaye hain aur virasat abhi tak taksim nahi hui hai- is par zakat nahin hai,jab tak ke marnay walay ne yeh wasiat ki ho ke woh apne raqam se zakat dena chahte hain ,un ki maut par. Aur is ke liye aap sirf ek tihai se zakat lete hain virasat se.
Kyunki Islami qanoon mein aap wasiat kar sakte hai lekin apne jae’edad ke sirf ek tihai ke liye .Baqi do tihai ko shariat ke mutabiq khandan mein taqsim kar dena chahiye. Jawaharat ,heray ya mae’aat ya samandar se nikalne wale koi cheez maslaًn moti, marjan ya ambar ki zakat nahi hai, un sab ki zakat nahi hai.
Zakat 8 qism ke logon ko di jati hai .Sab se pehle ek ghareeb aadmi jo apne rozi kama sakta hay lekin yeh kaafi nahi hai. Dusre miskin, miskin gharib tar hai, woh rozi kamane ke kabil bhi nahi hai, unke paas khud ko dekhnay ke liye paise nahi hain. Hum un logon ko bhi zakat de sakte hain. Jo us ke wasulne par kam karte hain (koi aisa shakhs jise hukum hai zakat jama karne aur taqseem karne ke liye muqru kiya ho), aise shakhs ke paas paise ho aur rozi kamata ho.
Aap Muallafat Al-Qulub مؤلفات القلوب ko bhi zakaat de sakte hain .Hamare Rasool Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم in ke dilon ko Islam ki taraf naram karne, Islam lane ke liye dete the .Muallafat Al-Qulub woh log hain jo Islam mein naye hain, Rasool Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم inhen is liye diya karte the un ke dil Islam ke liye narm ho Jayein.
Aap riqab ko zakat de sakte hai, riqab se murad ghulam hain .Is se pehle yeh qaida tha ki jab aap ghulam kharidte the toh ghulam ko yeh pochhnay ka haq tha ki woh apni aazadi khareed sakta hai ya nahi. Is liye aap us ghulam ki madad ke liye bhi zakat de sktay hain jo apnay aap ko khrednay kay leay, ghulami se azad honay kay liye raqam jamaa kar raha hai.
Aap kisi aise shakhs ko zakat de sakte hai jis par qarz ho, bohot bada qarz hai jise woh poora nahi kar sakta, aap aise shakhs ko bhi de sakte hain. Aur aap zakat de sakte hain fi sabilillah ko. Fi sabilillah: un musulman logon ko liye jo apne muslim biradri ki khidmat mein hain aur jinke aamdani kafi nahin hai. Aap Ibn as sabil ko zakat de sakte hain: aap ke mulk mein ek musalman ghair mulkie ho , jis ke paas paise nahi hai .Aap zakat de kar unki madad kar sakte hain taki woh zinda reh saken ya apne mulk waps ja sakein. To yeh zakat hai aur aam hone ke liye itna hi kafi hai.
Hamare kelndr ke mutabiq Eid 2 dinon mein hai. Turkey ke log aasman mein chand nahi dekhte, unhon ne dekha 12 mahine pehle aur use kelndr par dal diya to humein us ki perwhi karne honge: “Aati’u-llah, wa ati ur-Rasul, wa ulil amr minkum ” (4:59Quran ). ” أَطِيعُوا اللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُوا الرَّسُولَ وَأُولِي الْأَمْرِ مِنكُمْ ” lihaza hum is ke perwhi kartay hain jo kelndr mein hai. Maulana sheikh ne kaha apne mulk ke hisab se chalo, jis din bhi tumhare mulk mein Eid ho, tum us par amal karo .Aap ke mulk mein Eid ka din ki bhi ho bas us par amal karain. Ikhtilaf karne ki zarooort nahin. Aur aap ko us ka ajr milay ga, Jab aap ’ulِil aَmْrُ ‘‘ kay hukum par amal kar rahe ho to Insha’allah theek hai.
Taqabbal Allah, minna wa minkum, hamaray tamam rozey, tamam ibadat, hamari duaein, hum ne ramzan mein jo kuch kiya, Insha’Allah hum Allah se dua karenge ki woh hamari taraf se qabool farmaye aur behtreen ajr se nawaze aur agar hum se koi khata hui ho to usey maaf karde. Yaqeenan tor par hum bohot sare ghalat chezen kartay hain. Aur Insha’allah hum sab ke liye Ramzan al mubarak ho. Allah aap ko lambi zindagi, sehat ata kare aameen.
EID kI namaz wajib hai, jis ne namaz juma parhni hai woh Eid ki namaz padded. Is ka matlab hai ki yeh buniyadi tor par mardon ke liye hai lekin khawaateen bhi ja sakti hain. Rasool Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم ke zamane ke doran woh sab masjid mein jama hote the aur Rasool Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم ke saath Eid ki namaz padha Karte thay: aagay mard, phir ladke aur phir pechay aurtein, yeh Eid ki namaz thi.
Namaz Eid wajib hai, eid ka khutba sunnat hai, lekin Jumma ki namaz mein namaz aur khutbah dono farz hain. Khawateen ke liye agr aap juma ki namaz mein masjid mein ho ya khas tor par masjid mein jae’en to farz hai. Agar aap esa nahin karte to yeh farz nahin hai. Aurton par jummah ya Eid ki namaz parrhna wajib nahin. lekin mardon kay liye unhen jana parta hai.
Eid ki namaz 2 rakat hai, aur hum inhen khutbah se pehlay parhtay hain, Imam ke mimbar par janay se pehlay hum Eid ki namaz parhtay hain .Is ka waqt ishraq ke baad hai, tulu aftab se 45 minute se 1 ghante tak. Hum niyat karte hai aur imam ke peeche jamaat ki tarah namaz parhtay hain. Jab aap Eid ki namaz ke liye rahe ho to ghusl karna mustahab hai. Achche kapde pehnne ke Liye – naye, ya aap ke behtreen kapde – perfume lagane ke liye (lekin khawateen ke liye nahi; khawateen bahar janay ke waqt sirf thoda sa perfume astamal kar sakti hain). Eid ki namaz ke liye apne aap ko saaf suthra banaye ghusl karein aur miswak istemal karein.
EId ul fitr ki namaz ke liye janay say pehlay kuch khane ko pasand kiya jata hai. Molana subah Eid ki namaz ke liye janay se pehlay ek glass chai aur ek chhota sa biscuit ya kuchh meetha khate thay. Eid al azha yani hajj ki Eid mein namaz se pehle kuch nahi khana pasand hai .Aap pee sakte hain,lekin Eid ki namaz se pehle kuch nahi kha sakte. Jab Eid al azha ki namaz khatm ho jati hai to aap apne ghar laut te hain tab aap jo zibah karte ho usey khae’en. Zibah kiye gaye hai ya jo kuch bhi khana hai. lekin Eid al fitr ke liye namaz Eid ke liye jane se pehlay kuchh khana pasand hai.
Toh hum ne ghusl kiya, khushbu lagaee, hum ne apne achche kapde pehen liye, aur hum Eid ki namaz ke liye jate hain. Eid ki namaz se pehlay sadqah dena pasand hai, ya agar apne zakat al fitr ada nahi kiya ho toh Eid ki namaz se pehlay ada karein. Eid ki namaz ke liye ek sadak se jana aur jisay dekho usay Eid ki mubarkbad dena aur dusre sadak se sab ko mubarak keh kar wapis aana aur faqeeron ko sadqah dena aur bachchon ko thoda sa paisa dena ya mithai dena bhi pasand hai. Sunnat bhi hai aur karna pasand hai.
Chunanche EId ul fitr ki namaz ke liye woh subah ki namaz se le kar Eid ki namaz tak masjid mein sab mil kar takbeerein kehte hain: ‘Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar, La ilaha illa Allah. Hu Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar wa lillahi al-hamd’, Woh sab isey kasrat se padhte hain. Eid ki namaz ke liye koi iqama (dusre azan ya azan) nahin hain. Jab hum jama hote hain toh muezzin kehte hain ki hum namaz Eid ki niyat kar rahe hain, toh hum eid ki namaz ki niyat karte hain. Phir Imam Allahu akbar kehte hai, pehle takbeer, phir hum apne bazu apnay atraf mein rakhte hain, hum aik dosray ke upar hath nahi rakhte. Phir Imam dusre ameh kay liye dobara Allah akbar kehte hai, hum apnay hath upar uthate hain aur unhein dobara apne bazu se nechay rakhtay hain. Imam yeh teen baar mazeed karte hai, chothe ’’Allahu akbar‘‘ par hum ek dosray ke upar hath rakhte hain, aur Imam fatiha aur ek surah padhte hai aur hum apne pehle rakat khatam karte hain, dusre rakaat khatam karte hain. Dusri rakat mein fatiha aur surah, ruku mein janay se pehlay Imam dobara Allahu akbar aur Allahu akbar kehte
hai aur hum dobara apnay hath uthate hai aur unhhen apnay bazu mein rakhtay hain. Teesra ‘Allahu akbar’ bhi. Ruku se pehlay teen baar Allahu akbar kehte hi hum apnay hath utha kar apne bazu mein rakhtay hain. Phir chothe ’’Allalhu akbar‘‘ par hum hath nahin uthate, sirf Imam ke sath ruku mein jate hain.
Yeh hai eid ki namaz. Yeh ek khaas namaz hai taki hum yeh samjhen ki yeh eid ki namaz hai. Is mein 7 zae’d takberein hain. Phir salam karte huey Imam mimbar par Jate hai aur khutbah padhte hai. Namaz jumma mein pehle imam khutbah padhte hai aur phir jummah ki namaz padhne ke liye utarte hai. Lekin Eid ki namaz mein pehle hum namaz Eid parhtay hain aur phir Imam khutbah padhte hai. Yeh Eid ki namaz hai.
Eid al fitr ke liye Eid sirf ek din ki hoti hai aur Eid al adha ke liye aur char din hote hai. Eid al azha yane hajj ki Eid mein hamare paas kuch azafe hai ki Arafah ke din se lekar, subah ki namaz se le kar har namaz mein hum ‘Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar, La ilaha illa Allah. Hu Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar wa lillahi al-hamd’, Kehte hain. Hum Arafah ki subah se Eid ki chothay din ki namaz Asr tak har namaz ko takbeer kehte hain. Chunanche taqrebaًn panch din tak hum har namaz ko takberein kehte hain. Yeh us waqt hai jab hum jamaat ke sath namaz padhte hain aur jab hum akele tor par bhi namaz parhtay hain. Agar aap bhool jayen, jab aap ko yaad ho to aap sirf yeh kehna. Yeh hamare liye khasiyat hai ki ye Eid hain.
EId al fitr ke din ek din hai aur is din roza rakhna mana hai. Eid al adha ke chaar rozay rakhna bhi mana hai. Agar aap roza rakhte hain to ye gunah hai kyunki yeh hamari Eid hai aur Allah taala ne ise Eid ke tor par ata kiya aur hamein is ka ajar ata farmaye.
Jahan tak shawwal ke cheh dinon ka taluq hai, aap in ka roza Eid al fitr ke baad shuru kar sakte hain. Aap cheh dinon ka roza 2 shawwal se shuru kar sakte hain. Phir agle hafte ke usi din Eid al Abrar hogi. Agar aap cheh rozey baghair kisi waqfe ke rakhein gaye.
Eid ke in cheh dinon ke rozay rakhna afzal hai. Agr inhen kar sakey to shawwal ke poorey maheenay kay rozay rakh sakte hain. Aap par, jumerat, ek aend, hafta, itwar ya kisi bhi din aap mft mein roza rakh sakte hain, aap in ka roza rakh sakte hain. Ek saath, aap in ko alag alag rozay rakh sakte hain, yeh mhr nahu hai, yeh nafl hai. Lekin sawab yeh hai ki ‘al hasanatu bi ‘ashari amthaliha الحسنات بعشري أمثالها‘, ki Allah aَz َwajl yeh wada kar raha hai ki hum har naik kaam ka ajr dete hain. Har naik kaam ka kamazkum dus guna ajar milta hai. Jab hum ramzan ke 30 din hote hain to yeh 300 din hote hain aur phir cheh din 60 din hote hain toh 360 din hote hain. Toh yeh shumar hota hai ki hum sara saal rozay rakhte hain. Humein pooray saal rozay ka sawab milta hai. Allah hamare liye aasaniyan paida karta hai aur hum yeh bhi mantay hain ki yeh cheh din woh cheh din hain jin ka zikr quran mein aaya hai jab Allah azwajal ne kainat, aasman, zameen, insan, duniya ko takhleeq kiya.
Aap ramzan ke chodey huwey rozon ki qaza’ ke liye in chan dinon ke rozay bhi rakh sakte hain, aap ko ramzan ke rozay khatam karne ke do sawab mil sakta hai aur cheh rozay barkat ke Liye bhi is ki ijazat hai. Maulana farmate thay ki ase akela chhod do aur alag alag cheh rozay rakho lekin agar aap kay paas waqt nahi hai, ya sal kay dosray dinon mein is se zyada karne ki taqat nahi hai. Aap is ki niyat kar saktay hain, in cheh dinon mein jo ramzan mein bhi choot giya ho.
Wa min Allahi at-tawfeeq Fatiha
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