بِسْمِ اللَّ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِي م
Adab Aur Fiqh Ders
2021/05/13, Ders 8
Fehrist:
Ramadan ke Rozey laazmi hone ki shartein
- Musalaman Hona
- Samajhdar hona (paagal na hona)
- Baligh hona
- Ramadan ke Mahine ka Ilm hona
Rozey kisey nahi rakhna chahiye?
Niyyat Karna-Rozey ki niyyat
Rozey ki iqsam - Farz
- Wajib
- Sunnah
- Makruh
Aapka Roza Kin cheezo se nahi toot ta? - Zakat al Fitr
Bismillahi Ar-Rahman Ar-Rahim. Aap sabko Ramadan Mubarak.
Aaj hum sawm, rozey ki baat kar rahe hai. Ramadan ke bad hum namaz aur uske aqaid jari rakhege. Lekin filhal hum Inshaa Allah sawm, rozey ke barey me baat karege.
Roza rakhne ka pehla huqm Hazrat Adam Alaihisalam ko diya gaya tha jab unki baksheesh hui thi. Wo zameen par 300 saal ke liye the. Wo ro rahe the fir unke liye baksheesh aayi, unka jism kaale rang ka ho gaya tha, aur unhe 3 din ke rozey rakhne ka huqm diya gaya taaki unke jism ka rang fir se mamooli ho jaye. - Ye pehla huqm tha rozey ka insano ko Allah azwajal ki taraf se. Har Nabi ne apni ummat ko roza rakhne ka huqm diya tha. Toh ye koi nayi cheez nahi hai. Jab hamare Nabi صلى الله عليه وسلم Mecca me the, wo har mahine ke kuch din roza rehte aksar 13, 14 aur 15 tarik har mahine ki. Roza rakhne ka huqm Madina me hijra k bad aya. Hijra ke pehle saal ke dooran rozey ka huqm aya, farz ho gaya, laazmi Ummat Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم hum sab ke liye. Ye saal me ek bar hai, ek mahina, Ramadan ka mahina. Wo mubarak mahina jisme Muqaddas Quran al karim naazil hui bahot muqaddas raat mein, Laylatul Qadr, sabse zyada Muqaddas raat poore saal me Alhamdulillah. Laylatul qadr Ramadan me chupi hui hai, khaas kar ke Ramadan ke aakhri 10 dino me.
- Nabi e pak صلى الله عليه وسلم ne hame isey dhoondne ka huqm diya hai.
Rozey rehna lazmi hai. Ye Islam ka 4th ehkam hai, 3rd zakat hai. Ramadan ke rozey rehne ka zikr Quran me ek hi bar hai. Lekin zakat زكاة ke liye jab bhi namaz ka zikr hua hai uske bad zyada ayat me zakat ka zikr hai “iqamu salah أقام الصلاة ita’u zaka ايتاء الزكاة .”In Shaa Allah hum zakat ke bare me fir baat karege do hafto mein.
Roza kya hai? Roza rakh na thodi si chupi hui ibadat hai. Ye Allah Azzawajal ka huqm hai ki hum na khaye, na piye, aur apni jism ki khawahishat ko kaabu kare. Yeh jism ki khawahishat insano ki fitrat me hai, aap uske bina nahi reh sakte lekin “roza rakhna” aapki madad karta hai use kabu me karne mein.
Roohani, roza rakhna aapko apni zaban se buri cheezein kehne se rokta hai, taki aapka dil or dimag buri cheezein karne ya sochne se bache rahe, taaki aapki rooh aur jismani soorat aisi paak rahe jese aap Allah Azzawajal ki maujudgi mein ho taki hamare rozey kabool aur maqbool ho jaye. - Kyunki Nabi e Kareem صلى الله عليه وسلم ne farmaya ” kuch log rozey rakhte hai lekin unhe sirf bhuk aur pyaas hai, unlogo ko rozey ka ajr nahi milta kyunki woh apni rooh ko saaf paak nahi rakhte aur
- “au qama qala alayhi salatu wa salam” او کما قال عليه الصلوۃ والسلامه بِسْمِ اللَّ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِي م Ramadan mein rozey rakhna farz hai har muslim aur muslimah ke liye, dono adami aur auraton ko rozey rakhna hai hi. Jab woh 9 ya 10 saal ke ho, humein unhe huqm dena chahiye bachchon ko ke rozey rakhe woh.
- Is se chote bachchon par lazmi nhi hai, agarche woh khudse rozey rakhna chahein toh thik hai. Lekin unka roza rakhna zaruri hai Ramadan mizaj mein. Toh jab aap unko khana dete hai, toh unhe aisi jagah na de jaha baki rozdaar log maujud ho. Yeh Adab hai, bachchon ko nijih jagah khana de ya aisi jagah de jaha zada rozdar log na dekh paye unhe khate hue. Yeh sirf unhe Adab sikhane ke liye hai, lekin unse roza na rakhwaya jaye.
Aur,ek chota qissa: ek adami majusi مجوس tha, aag ki ibadat karne wala. Jab woh mar gaya, uske jaannewale padosi ne use jannat me dekha. Usne usse pucha: “Tumne kya kiya? Tum toh kafir ho, muslim nahi ho.” Usne jawab diya ” Ek din Ramadan mein, mera beta khana khule mein kha raha tha raste par. Mujhe uspe gussa aya maine kaha ‘ Andar jao, Musalmaan rozey rakh rahe hai, tumhari himmat kese hui unke samne khane ki!’ toh main bas aap logon ke rozey rakhne ka adab kar raha tha aur Allah ne mere liye iman likh diya aakhri pal mein aur Usne mujhe jannat baksh di.”
Toh Adab is tarah se hona chahiye; aur bachchon ko ye sikhna chahiye.
Jab bachche 10 saal ke ho, humein unhe rozey rakhne ka huqm dena chahiye fir wo bhale hi kuch dino ya zada dino ke liye ho, agar unhe achcha laga toh woh pure mahine ke bhi rakh sakte hai, ye thik hai. Jab bachche baligh ho jaye tab un par ye wajib hai ya fir jab woh 15 saal ke ho jaye : tab ibadat, namaz aur siyam (ramadan), rozey, unpar wajib hai. Un bachchon ke liye jo 15 saal ke ho gaye hai, unhe pure mahine ke rozey rakhne hai aur unhe namaz – ibadat karni hai.
Aap par Ramadan ke rozey wajib tab hai jab pehla, aap Muslim ho; dusra, jab aap samajhdaar ho; teesra, jab aap baligh ho, aapka buluug ho na; aur,akhiri, ye ilm hona ke yeh Ramadan hai. Iska matlab yeh hai ke chahe aap Muslim mulk(country) me ho ya gair- muslim mulk mein agar aapko pata hai je ye Ramadan hai toh aapko rozey rakhne hai. Hilal, hilal ka chand, Ramadan ke liye dekhna zaruri hai rozey rakhne ke liye taki wajib ho jaye; jab hum rozey rakhna shuru karein. Sabika aukat mein,2 kaabil-e-ehtemaad log hilal ko dekhenge, Ramadan ka chand, aur ye 2 shahid (who saw the moon), 2 gawah, court jaa kar gawahi denge ke unhone Ramadan ka chand dekh liya hai. Phir log bahar jaakar ye ailaan karenge ke har jagah ke ‘Kal se Ramadan’ hai! Kal se Ramadan hai! Taki har kisi ko yeh pata chal jaye. Lekin gair-muslim mulkon mein aisa kuch nahi tha ye sabika aukat ki baat hai. Ab hamare pas sari technology hai mashaAllah, ab unhe ek saal pehle hi pata chal jata hai ke aaj se Ramadan hai. Aur hum ulu-l amr- أولوااألمر ,unki pairvi karte hai jo in-charge hai.
Aapke rozey durust karne ke liye, aapko niyyat karni chahiye, Irada. Aap mahine ki shuruaat se niyat kar sakte hai, ke “main pure mahine rozey rakhunga” ya phir aap niyat kabhi bhi kar sakte hai Maghreb ke waqt se lekar agle din Duha tak. Isliye Maghreb ke waqt, iftar pe, hum kehte hai ‘Allahumma laka sumtu wa bi ni’matika aftartu, wa li sawman ghaddan nawaytu’ ‘ اللهم لك صمت و بنعمتك أفطرت و لصوم غدا نويت ‘ -Yani : Maine roza teri raza ke liye rakha hai mere Rab, aur main ye roza kholta hoon teri ata ki hui nemat se aur main iarada karta hu ke kal bhi roza rakhunga. Ye Ramadan ke rozey ke liye niyat hai. Lekin kaffara ke rozey ke liye aur nadr ke rozey ke liye, aapko niyat mukhtalif tarike se karni hai aur kehna hai har roz rozey ke liye.
Jab aap ko aapka haiz ho ya nifas ho, tab aapko roza nahi rakhna hai. Agar aapko koi bimari hai ya kuch aur roza rakhna aapke jism ko nuqsan dega toh aapko ijazat hai ke aap rozey na rakhe. Aur agar aap safar mein hai, toh aap apna roza khol sakte hai, iski ijazat hai. Lekin agar roza rakhne se aapko koi nuqsan nahi ho raha aur aapko roza rakhna pasand hai, tab aap safar mein bhi rozey rakh sakte hai. Yeh ijazat khas taur par unke liye di gayi thi jab log gadhe pe sawar ho ke safar pe jate the, ya phir ghode pe sawar, ya uth par mushkil haalaton mein, iski ijazat tab thi ke rozey na rakho aur ab toh hum aur bhi araam se safar karte hai.
Roza 4 qism ke hotey hai: farz, wajib, sunnah aur makruh. Farz rozey wajib hai, Ramadan mein rozey rakhna wajib hai, kaffara ke rozey bhi wajib hai aur wo rozey jab aapne qasam li ho rozey ki – nadhr/ نذر ), jab aapne vada kiya ho ya half kiya ho Allah se ke main itne din ya itne rozey rakhungi agarche aapki mannat ya kaam jo aap chahte the puro hojaye aur woh pura hogaya ho, toh in dino aapne vada kiya tha ke rozey rakhenge aap tab ye rozey wajib ho jate hai aap par). Ramadan ke rozey rakhna wajib hai aur wo rozey jo aapne Ramadan me chodh diye ho ya chhut gye ho aapke haiz ki wajah se, ya nifas ki wajah se, ya phir koi bimari mein ya phir hamal mein ya phir safar pe. Jitne bhi din ke rozey aapke Ramadan ke chhut gaye ho, wo aapko baad me zarur rakhne hai. - Agar aapko haiz agaya ho, ya aap nifas mein ho, ya aap hamal se ho in sari suraton mein aap jawan hai aur tandrust hai aur baad mein aap ye sare din ke rozey rakh lete hai jitne bhi aapse chhut gaye ho, ek din har ek us rozey ke liye jo reh gaya ho. Yeh wajib hai. Lekin agr aap bimar hai aur rozey nahi rakh sakte toh hum is muddey par baad me baat karenge inshaAllah.
Kaffara کفارہ matlab jurmana rozey. Apni marzi se bina kisi kanuni bahane ke, apne rozey Ramadan mein kholey, kaffara /jurmana rozey ki zarurat hai. Islamic shariat ke hisab se, aur baki gunahon ke liye bhi, yeh kaffara/ jurmana rozey rakhna zaruri hai. In kaffara rozon ka muaf hona zaruri hai aur wajib hai aur is tarah se khudko gunahon se paak karna.
Dusre tarike ke rozey wajib hai. Wajib farz ki tarah hi hai lekin ek degree niche/kum hai; aapka yeh karna bhi zaruri hai, aapko karna hi hai. Wajib rozey rakhna kya hai? Agar aap nafl rozey rakh rahe hai ,aur kuch hojata hai toh aapne aapka roza din ke adhe hisse me hi tod diya, toh aapko ye din ke liye bhi roza rakhna hoga bhale se hi wo nafl roza kyu na ho, ye wajib hojata hai. - Phir Aashura (10 Muharram) ke din 9 Muharram ke saath Rozey rakhne ki Sunnah hai. 9 aur 10 Muharram ek saath. Yeh Sunnah Rozey hain, Rozey rakhna bhi mustahab hai, har hijri mahine se teen din (13,14 aur 15 taareekh). Itwaar aur Jumeraat ko Rozey rakhna bhi zaroori hai. Aur Shawwal ke 6 din, Shawwal ke 6 Rozey Eid ke pehle din ke baad rakhna afzal hai. Eid ke dusre din Roza rakhna shuru kar sakte hain. Aap Shawwal ke mahine ke aakhir tak kisi bhi 6 din ke Rozey bhi rakh sakte hain. Aur har woh Rozey jiski Rasulullah taareef kar rahe the Sunnah hai. Jaisa ke Rasulullah Sallallaahu Alaihi Wasallam ne Dawood Alaihi Salaam ke Rozey ki taareef ki hai ke Dawood Alaihi Salaam har dusre din Rozey rakhte the. Aur yeh Rozey ki behtareen qism hai. Allah ise zyada pasand karta hai. Aur yeh bhi ke aap jo bhi Rozey rakhte hain jo mamnu dino se baahar hai yeh Nafl hai. Agar aap Raza karaane taur par Rozey rakhte hai toh Yeh theek hai. Aur is par Sawaab hai. Yadi ye mamnu ya napasandeeda dino me hai. Aur yaha makruk bhi hai. Makruh Tanzimi jo Makruh hai jo Sawaab ke kareeb hai. Aur Makruh Tehrimi hai jo gunaah ke kareeb hai. Makruh napasandida cheez hai. Makruh tanzihi Youme Aashura ke Rozey ke bagair tanha Rozey rakhne ki tarah hai. Isse ek din pehle ya ek din baad. Kyuki hamein Aashura ke Rozey kamaskam do Rozey rakhne hote hain. Aur ise Rozey se alag nahi karte. Makruh Tehrimi ye wo waqt hai jab Rozey rakhna haraam hai. Aur isme shaamil hai: Ramzan ke baad Eid ka Pehla din, aur Eid-uz-Adha ke Chaar din. In 5 dino me Rozey rakhna mana hai. Yeh Makruh Tehrimi hai.
- Aur Jumu’ah ya Sanichar ya hafte ke dino me tanha Roza rakhna Makruh hai. Jab tak ke Ramzan me ya aap in do dino samet poora mahina ya poora hafta Rozey rakhte hain toh theek hai. Lekin akele Jumu’ah ya Sanichar ka Roza rakhne ki aadat Makruh hai.
Aur Rozey ke dino ko bhi jo kuchh logo ya qaumo ke liye riwaayati ya sakhaafti ehmiyat ke haamil Samjhe jaate hain. Islamic riwaayat se taalluk rakhe baghair jaise Youm Navroz (naye saal) ya Mahrajan ka din ya us jaise koi cheez. In Ayaam ya deegar khaas Ayaam jo Islaami nahi hai unme Rozey rakhna Makruh hai.
Kisse aapka roza nahi toot ta? Khane se, pine se ya phir rishta banane se, ye bhul kar ke aap rozey se hai, isse aapka roza nahi toot ta. Agr aap kha lete hai aur baad me yaad ata hai, tab jo bhi muh mein hai use thoonk dey aur muh saaf karey, yeh na soche ke aapka roza toot gaya aur roza pura karet kyunke yeh Allah ki taraf se hai. Agar aap kisi ko dekhey kuch khate hue aur woh bhul gaya hai ke uska roza hai, tab unhe bas yaad dila dey. Lekin agar aap dekhe ke woh insan jismani taur par kumzor hai, tab unhe khane dey aur phir yaad dilaye ya unhe khud hi yaad aane dey.
Iske alaawa dhool ya dhuwa jaisi koi cheez nigal jaane se bhi Roza nahi toot ta. Ya agar aap chal rahe hain aur baarish ki chand qatre haadsaati taur par aapke mooh me gir gayi aur aap inhe nigal gaye. Ya barf ya koi bhi cheez aap haadsaati taur par – Jaan boojhkar nahi toh theek hai lekin agar Jaan boojhkar ho to isse Roza toot jaata hai. - Ek din ek khaatoon poochh rahi thi ke kya tairaaki se Roza toot jaata hai. Dar haqeeqat yaha Yeh baat likhi gayi hai ke agar aap dariya me hai, dariya se guzar rahe hain aur kaan me paani aa jaaye to isse Roza nahi toot ta hai. Tairaaki thodi si hai, aap jaante hai, pasand nahi kya, kyuki aapko apne baare me yakeen nahi hai ke paani aapke mooh se aata hai ya naak se. Agar aap waaqayi apne aap par qaabu pa sakte hain toh theek hai, lekin agar aapko apne aap par yakeen nahi hai, agar koi cheez aapko shaq me daal deti hai to aapko Ramzan ke khatm hone tak Sabr karna hoga. Yeh bhi Rasool Allah Sallaallaahu Alaihi Wasallam ki ek hadees hai – apne aapko shaq se door rakho. In sha Allah ye baat gaur talab hai.
Aur agar aapke mooh me koi aisi cheez hai jo chane se choti hai aur aap ise nigal lete hai toh yeh theek hai. Lekin agar yeh chane se bada hai to isse Roza toot jaayega. Iske alaawa agar aapki aankhon par surma hai toh yeh aapka Roza nahi toot ta hai. Kaan saaf karne ke liye ya kaan me koi cheez daalein to isse Roza nahi toot ta hai. Koi bhi cheez khaane ya peene se, ya mooh ya naak me jaane se Roza nahi toot ta.
Agar aapko bohot balgham hai, aur aap use nigal letey hai, usse aapka roza nahi toot ta. And agar aapko ulti hoti hai, aur wo muh se bahar nahi aati, wo bas halak tak aati hai aur aap use nigal lete hai, usse aapka roza nahi toot ta. Aur agar aapko ulti horahi hai aur wo muh bhar ke ulti nahi hai, agr aap use thoonk bhi dey tab bhi aapka roza nahi toot ta. Lekin agar aapko muh bhar ke ya muh bhar ke aane se zada ulti aaye tab aapka roza toot jata hai aur aapko usey duroost karna hoga: Ek din ka roza ek din key chuutey hue roze ke liye, na kaffara, na koi jurmane ki zarurat hai. Aur agar aapne daant par koi dawa lagai hai, par aap usey nigalte nahi, aapko bas uska zayka aata hai muh mein, isse bhi roza nhi toot ta. Toh ye rozey rakhne ke liye hai. - Lekin agar aap aapka roza jaan buj kar kha kar, pi kar ya shohar ke sath rishta bana kar tod rahe hai, tab aapko iska kaffara ada karna hoga, jurmana dena hoga, Jo rozey aapne chode hai usey duroost karne ke liye. Yeh aaj ke liye kafi hai inshallah.
- Ek chota yaad dahaani : Hamein Ramadan mein Zakat Al Fitr bhi dena hai. Zakat Al-Fitr hamare liye Wajib hai, Asal mein wajib makaan malik par hai, ghar ke sarbaraah ko dena hai ghar ke har ek shaks ke mutabik. Zakat, jiska matlab hai safai, hamare rozey hamare galtiyo ko saaf karte hai or usey muqammal karte hai inshaAllah.
- Wa min Allahi at-tawfeeq
Fatiha
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