بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
Adab Aur Fiqh Ders
2021/06/22, Ders 13
Fehrist:
★ Salat Al-Musafir صلاة المسافر
- Iska matlab kya hai aur iski shartein
- Isey kaise ada karey
- Konsi namaz qasr قسر kar sakte hai
- Konsi Namaz qasr nahi kar sakte
- Salat Musafir wajib hai ya ja’iz?
★ Salat Al-Marid -صلاة المريض
Namaz al-Musafir ke barey me bahot sarey sawal pooche gaye hai- ye kaise shuru hota hai, kaha se shuru hona chahiye aur kaise padhna chahiye. Namaz Al-Musafir صلاة المسافر iske liye hai jab aap safar ka irada karey .
Namaz Al-Musafir ki teen shartein hai: safar ki niyyat karna aur apne rehne ki jagah chodna, aur rihaish aur aam admi ki raftar ke mutabiq kam az kam 3 din ka paidal safar karna. Aajkal, ye takriban 100 meel ya isse zyada hai, gaadi se ye 1 ghante ya 1.5 ghante ka hai. Agar aap apne shaher ya mulk se bahar ke safar ki irada karte hai toh aap Namaz Al-Musafir ke liye niyyat kar sakte hai.
Ye pehli sharait(shart) hai: Safar karne ka irada karna. Dusri shart hai aapka baalig hona, bulugat tak pahonchna. Teesri shart hai ki jo safar aap kar rahe ho, wo teen din se zyada ho. Agar aap apne mulk me hi safar kar rahe hai ya koi jagah 3 din se zyada ke liye jaa rahe hai, tab aapko Namaz Al-Musafir padhna hai. Agar aap ek din ke liye jaa rahe hai aur wapas laut rahe hai, tab aap aapki namaz ma’amul padhe. Par agar aapka irada koi jagah par jane ka 3 din se zyada ho aur aap raaste mein ho- ya aap wo jagah pahonch gaye ho- aap Namaz Al-Musafir padhe.
Namaz Al-Musafir/qasr ki niyyat ke liye aapko khud hi safar karna hoga. Dusri surat me, aapko aapke a’ala tareen ki niyyat ki paervi karni hogi jiske sath aap safar kar rahe ho, jaise ek walid, shohar, rehnuma, Imam, master…wagera. Agar aap aapse a’ala tareen shaqs ke sath safar kar rahe ho, phir aapki niyyat aapke a’ala shaqs ki niyyat ki paervi karni chahiye. - Namaz Al-Musafir kaise padhe? Aap zohar, asar aur Isha ki 2 rak’atein ada karey. Jab aap niyyat karege, aap 2 rak’at Namaz Al-Musafir ki karege. Lekin subah ki namaz pehle hi 2 rak’at hai toh aap isey aur choti nahi kar sakte, aur Namaz Al-Maghrib 3 rak’at hai toh aap isey bhi ma’amul padhe. Aap niyyat karey: “Mai niyyat karti hu 2 rak’at zohar ke farz ki, ya asar ya Isha Namaz Al-Musafir ki.” Phir aap kahey ‘Allahu Akbar’ aur 2 rak’at padhe. Dusri rakat mein Jab aap baithe ho, aap tashahhud aur ‘Allahumma salli’ala Muhammad…Allahumma barik…innaka Hamidun Majeed’, phir aap salaam pherey. Ye Namaz Al-Musafir hai.
Agar aap 3 din se zyada ke liye safar kar rahe hai, aap Namaz Al-Musafir/qasr padhege jab tak aap safar kar rahe ho. Par agar aapne ek jagah par 15 din ya ussey zyada ki “rehne” ki niyyat ki ho phir aap ma’amul namazein padhege kyunki niyyat ab “safar-صفر se “rehne/Iqamah- إقامة ” me tabdeel ho chuki hai lekin ye 15 din ya usse zyada hona chahiye. Agar aap koi jagah 14 ke liye “rehne” ka irada karte hai, aap qasr hi padhna jaari rakhege; kyunki “rehne/Iqamah” ki niyyat ke liye 15din ya usse zyada hona chahiye. - Agarche ye ho ki aap Namaz Al-Musafir padhna bhool jaye, aur aap apne namazein ma’amul hi padhe safar ke dauran, theek hai. Phir pehli 2 rakat farz gini jaegi lekin bad ki 2 rakat nafl maani jaegi. Ye Makruh Tahrimi hai, ye pasand nahi ki jati hai par ye haraam bhi nahi hai, lekin 2 rakat ki bajaye 4 rakat farz padhna makruh hai safar ke dauraan. Kyunki Hanafi Madhhab ke mutabiq, Namaz Al-Musafir wajib hai isiliye agar aapne isey nahi kiya toh makruh hoga. Lekin Shafi’i Madhhab ye sirf ja’iz hai.
- Agar aap masjid mein jamat ke sath is mulk ya shaher me padh rahe hai, jaha Imam 4 rakat padh rahe hai, lekin aap sach me musafir ho, aap Imam ki pairvi karte hue 4 rakat padhege. Aapko Imam ki pairvi karna hai agarche aap safar bhi karey aur qasr bhi padh rahe ho. Agar aap aise Imam ke sath padhte ho jo isi jagah rehte hai aur 4 rakat ma’amul ada kar rahe hai, aapko bhi pairvi karna hai aur 4 rakat padhni hai, aapko ye karna hai. Ye tab ke liye jab Namaz ka waqt ho jaye. Lekin agar aap bad me aao, namaz ke waqt ke qatm hone ke bad aur koi waha baitha hua aapki namaz ki imamat karey, toh aap iski pairvi nahi karege, aapko sirf namaz ka waqt rehte iski pairvi karni hai.
- Aur iska dusra pehlu bhi hai, agar aap musafir ho, aur wo aapko Imam ke taur par Namaz ki Imamat karne khada karey 4 rakat ke sath. Mawlana Shaykh Mehmat ye bahot karte hai, hamesha wo aise Imam hai. Musafir jo Imam hai jamat jo uske peeche hai unse kehna chahiye jo waha ke rehwasi hai, ‘Mai Musafir hu, mai 2 rakat ada karuga aur dusri rakat ke bad salaam pher lunga. Phir yaha ke rehwaasiyo ko uthna chahiye aur teesri aur chouthi rakat khud se ada karni chahiye aur namaz mukammal karni chahiye.’ Ye tab ke liye jab aap ek Imam ki pairvi karege jo musafir hai.
- Jab aap Namaz Al-Musafir padhte ho, aap sirf 4 rakat farz ko choti karte ho. Har farz rakat jo 4 rakat hai wo 2 rakat banegi. Aap fazar ki namaz, maghrib ki namaz, sunnat namazein ya witr wajib namazon ko chota nahi karege. Ye sab aap aisi ada karey jaise ma’amul ada ki jati hai.
Aur agar aapse ek 4 rakat farz namaz safar me chooth jaye, aur aap jab apne mulk laut jaye, aapko yaad aaye ke aapse wo chooth gayi, aap usey qasr ki taur par padhlein, aap isey 2 rakat padhe jab aap ada karege. Aur jab aapki rehwasi jagah par namaz chooth jaye, safar se pehle, aur aapka safar shuru hone ke bad rastein mein aapko yaad aaye ki aapki namaz chooth gayi hai, phir aap jab ye ada karege, namazein jo aapke ghar mein chooth gayi thi, aap inhe poori 4 rakaat se hi padhenge. - Saari sunnat namaz aap poori ada karege, hamesha ki tarah, qasr nahiseSunnat nama ke liye Namaz Al-Musaliyenahi hai. Jab tak aap apni zindagi ko lekar darry hue ho, ya phir aap safar me ho aur aapke pas bahot kam waqt ho, aur aapke pas koi wajah ho ke aap sunnat poori ada nahi kar sakte, aise halaat me, jab aap safar me ho, aap sunnat chodkar sirf farz ada kar sakte hai. Iski ijazat hai.
Ek sawal hai ‘Jami-جمع (milakar namaz padhne) ya ‘qasr wa jami -قسر و خمع (choti aur milakar). Shafi’i madhhab mein Zohar aur Asar ke beech Jami banana jayaz hai, aur safar mein Maghrib aur Isha. Lekin hamare Hanafi madhhab mein, sirf Arafat mein Zohar ke waqt ye jayaz hai, Zohar aur asar ke liye, hum qasr karte hai, namaz ko choti karke, aur Namaz Al-Musafir padhte hai, aur hum Jami banate hai- do namaz ko milate hai. Ye sirf Arafat me jayaz hai hamare madhhab mein, agar aap isey koi aur mauke par karte ho toh ye makruh hai. Aur Muzdalifah مزدلفة me bhi Isha ke waqt, Maghrib aur Isha ko milana jayaz hai, aur hum Isha ki farz namaz ko bhi choti karte hai, hum isey 2 rakaat karte hai. Sirf ye jagaho par namaz milana jayaz hai. Shafi’i madhhab mein jab aap safar kar rahe ho toh aapka namaz ko choti aur milakar padhna hamesha jayaz hai. - Agar aapke pas waqai waqt kam hai toh aap niyyat kar sakte hai- par isey aadat na banaye- namaz ko milakar ek karne ki Shafai madhhab ki pairvi karte hue, aur aap qasr kar sakte hai, namaz ko choti karna aur jami’ karna- milana. Lekin ye sirf tab jab aapke pas sa h me waqt kam ho ya ye aapke liye sach me zaruri ho. Iski hamein aadat nahi karna chahiye. Koi bhi madhhab mein agar aapko ek jagah mushkil aaye, aapko ijazat hai dusre madhhab se madad lene ki, Aap fatwa le sakte ho dusre madhhab se lekin sirf ek surat e haal me aur us lamhe, ke liye hi, naa ki adat ki taur par. Aap har madhhab se jo bhi aasaan ho, isey chunkar uthane ki aadat nahi bana sakte, iski ijazat nahi. Aap dusre madhhab se fatwa tab hi le sakte ho jab sach me zarurat ho.
- Ek aur cheez: Namaz e Marid, صلاة المريض, us shaqs ki namaz jo bimar ho, ek bimar shaqs kaise namaz ada karey. Qiyam-قيام khada hona, farz hai farz namaz ke liye lekin agar koi shaqs bahot bimar ho aur khada na ho paye toh unka baithkar padhna jayaz hai, phir uthkar ruku’ aur sajdah karey.
Aur agar wo shaqs iske liye bhi khada nahi ho sakta, wo jaha baithe hai wahi padhe aur wo wahi zameen par rukuh aur sajdah kar sakte hai, agar wo zameen par baithe hai. Ya phir agar wo zameen ki janib jhukh bhi nahi sakte, wo baithe hue hi padhne ki niyyat kar sakte hai aur kyunki wo khade nahi ho sakte, wo apna sar thoda sa jhuka kar rukuh kar sakte hai, aur phir sar utha kar aur phir sar thoda aur jhukaye sajdah ke liye, jab kursi par baithe ho. - Agar agar aap baith bhi nahi sakte, phir aap peet par late kar qibla ki taraf munh karte hue padh sakte hai, aur rukuh aur sajdah ke liye apna sar hila sakte hai. Ya aap apni taraf bhi padh sakte hai, ye peet ke bal behtar hai lekin na ho sake toh, apni taraf bhi. Toh ye aise padhte hai, sar hilakar.
Aur agarche wo shaqs apna sar bhi nahi jhuka sakte ya sar hila bhi nahi sakte, agar ye shaqs jo bimar hai par samajh rakhta hai kya kaha ja raha hai par hill nahi sakta, phir namaz bad ke liye maltu’ kardi jati hai, isey qaza’ قضاء nahi gina jaega lekin bad ke liye matlu’ hogi. Sirf ek din, 5 waqt ki namaz ke liye. Agar 5 namaz khatm hui aur wo shaqs behtar ho, phir ye shaqs sirf 5 waqt ki namaz ada karega. - Aur agar nahi, agar ye shaqs bahot din ke liye bimar hi, wo samajhne ki taqat rakhte hai par hosh nahi rakhte aur harkat nahi kar sakte, behtar hone ke kuch der bad bhi, phir wo sirf ek din ki namaz ki qaza ada karne ki zarurat hai. Yaha tak ki agar unki bimari bahot dino tak rehti hai, aur wo aakhir me theek hote hai, phir wo shaqs sirf ek din ki qaza namaz ada karege, baaki dino ke liye nahi.
Aur agar ye shaqs ki fout ho jaye, ussey namaz ka hisab nahi hoga, Allah Azza Wa Jalla is shaqs ko in namazo ke liye muaf kar dega kyuki Allah behtar jaanta hai is shaqs ke sath kya maamla hai. Allah karey hum sab ko shifa ata farmaye, In Shaa allah. - Aur jab ye bimar shaqs leta ho, aur samajhne ki taqat rakhta ho, toh Namazein aankhon ke ishare ya chehre ke digar ishare se nahi padhi ja sakti, ye durust nahi hai. Chunache namaz ko bad ke liye chod do aur agar wo shaqs behtar ho jaye, wo ek din ki qaza namaz ada kar sakta hai. Ya phir agar ye shaqs fout kar jaye, Allah Yarhamu, maghfirat Allah, Allah ne pehle hi muaf kiya, In Shaa Allah.
Aur wo jo kuch din ke liye deewane ho jate hai(samajhne ki taqat kho dete hai), aur phir inki samajh wapas aajati hai, wo bhi sirf ek din ki qaza ada karege. Ya phir agar koi kuch din ke liye behosh ho jaye aur phir uth jaye, wo bhi ek din ki qaza namaz ada karenge, 5 waqt ki namaz ke liye, sirf ek din ki namaz padhni chahiye.
Wa min Allahi at-tawfeeq
Fatiha
بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
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