Adab aur Fiqh Ders
2021/08/04, Ders 15
Fehrist:
★ Hajj
Kis par Hajj farz hai.
Kab zaroori / wajib hota hai aapke liye Hajj par jana?
Hajj ki niyyat ki iqsam:
- Niyyat karna sirf Hajj ke liye
- Niyyat karna Hajj aur Umrah ke liye eksath ِﺣﺞ ﻗران
- Niyyat karna pehle Umrah ki aur uske baad Hajj ki ٌُﻊ ﺗﻣﺗ ﺣﺞ
Ihram:
- Khatoon ke liye
- Mardo ke liye
Qurban karna:
1. Hajj ke liye sirf
2. Qiran Hajj ﺣﺞ ِ ﻗران
- Tamattu’- Hajji اﻟﺗﻣﺗﻊ ﺣﺞ
★ Nadhr (Mannat)
Nadhr banana
Nadhr ko mukammal na karney ki saza
Half uthana kisi wade ka /’ehd karna
Insha’Allah, is baar hum aur baatein karenge Hajj ke baray mein, niyyat ke baray mein, kab jana hai,, Hajj kaise karna hai.
Hajj in shara’it mein farz ﻓرض ho jata hai. Pehla hai aapka Musalman hona. Dusra, aapka baaligh hona. Teesra, aapka samajhdar hona. Chautha, aapka azad hona, gulam nahi hona – agar aap apne maalik ki pairwi kar rahay hai to aap ja saktay hai, warna aap khud nahi ja saktay [agar aapke paas iski ijaazat nahi hai]. Panchva, aapke paas kaafi paise honay chahiye ki usme aap Hajj par ja sakey aur wapas aa sakey, aur aapke chalay jane ke douran aapke bachho, aapke ahal-khana ko dekhne ke liye bhi kaafi paise honay chahiye, – agar toh aap unko dekhnay ke zimmedar hai. Aur aakhir mein, aapko yeh janna hoga ke Hajj aap par farz hai, ye un-logo ke liye jo kisi ghair musalman mulk mein musalman ban jaatay hai aur shayad inhey iss baat ki ittila/malumaat nahi hai.
Aap par zaroori/wajib ho jata Hajj karna jab yeh saari shara’it poori ho jaye. Agar aap sehatmand hai. Agar Hajj ka rasta ya sadkay mehfooz hai aur rastay mein koi wazeh khatra nahi hai jisse aap ko khatra ho. Khawateen ke liye bhi, agar aapka koi mehram hai : ya shauhar, beta, baap, bhai, bhatija, ya behnoi. Agar aap jail mein nahi hai ya iss jaisay aur kisi bhi rukawat se azad hai jo aap ko jaane se rokti hai.
Agar aap ek bahut badey qafilay mein bahut saari khawateen ke sath ja rahay hai aur ek ya do khawateen ke shauhar ya unkay koi mehram unkay sath hai, to har mard 7 khawateen ka mehram ho sakta hai. Aur ab yeh ek aam amal hai ke jab aap visa (rahdari par ghair mulki) ke liye darkhwast kartey hai, to woh aapki umar dekhte hai. Agar aapki umar 45 saal se zyada hai, to mehram ki zaroorat nahi, lekin phir bhi aapko sohbat ki zaroorat hai. Iss mein kam-az-kam 3 khawateen ek sath hona chahiye, agar aap ki umar 45 saal se zyada hai ya rijonority (haiz band honay) ki umar ke aas paas hai, chahey aapka koi mehram nahi bhi ho, aapko khawateen ke qafilay mein shaamil hona zaroori hai aur akelay nahi, kyunkay iski sifarish nahi ki jati hai ke mehram ke baghair safar kiya jaye.
Jab aap niyyat kartey hai Hajj ke liye, to Hajj ke liye 3 qism ki niyyat hoti hai. Pehla yeh ke sirf Hajj ki niyyat ki jaye, doosra hai Umrah aur Hajj ki ek sath niyyat ki jaye, aur teesra yeh hai ke pehlay Umrah ki niyyat ki jaye, phir Umrah mukammal karne ke baad Hajj ki niyyat ki jaye, jaisa ke chand dino ke baad.
Lehaaza jab aap Hajj ki niyyat kartey hai, gusul kartey hai, aap do rak’at namaaz adaa kartey hai Niyyat Al-Ihram, ahraam ki niyyat, aur aapko Mecca ke atraaf mein ahraam ki sarhado se ahraam bandhna hoga,- Mecca mein daakhil honay se pehlay. Aisi jagahey hai – jo bhi Hajj ya Umrah par jata hai woh un jagaho ko jaanta hai – jahan se unhey apne ahraam ko shuru karna hai.
Khawateen ke liye, ahraam ka libaas wohi hai jo aap satr al-awra ﺳﺗراﻟﻌورة ke liye pehantay hai – yehi ahraam hai. Aap ka chehra benaqab hona chahiye. Jo khawateen apna chehra dhanpti hai, unke liye ahraam mein chehra chhupana jaaiz nahi, yeh makrooh hai. Yeh aadat ban gayi ahraam mein safed kapday pehnana, yeh behtar hai. Lekin aap jo bhi pehne, jo bhi rang pehne, yeh theek hai. Haji Anne safaid kapdo ke upar apna kala sharshaf (jilbab) pehna kartey thay jab woh Hajj par jatay. Yeh khawateen ka ahraam hai.
Mardon ko ahraam pehenne ke liye, unhay kapdo ke do tukde/hissey pehenne hongey. Ab Ahraam ke liye toliya ka kapra istemaal karne ki aadat ban gayi hai, yeh theek hai, lekin zaroori yeh hai baghair silay hue kapday ke do tukde/ hissay ho mardo ke ahraam ke liye. Ek hissa unke naaf ke upar se lekar unke ghutno ke neechay tak dhanpnay ke liye, aur dusra woh unke kaandho par rakhnay ke liye. Aur tawaf karte waqt unhey apna ek kaandha khula hua rakhna (nahi dhanpa) chahiye. Woh dono kaandho ko bhi dhaanp saktay hai, woh usay unke kaandhey par shawl/chaadar ki tarah istemaal kar saktay hai. Yeh mardo ke liye hai. Inhey koi topi nahi pehenni chahiye aur koi silai hui cheez bhi nahi.
Subhan’Allah, woh kehte hai iss ki hikmat yeh hai ki jaan lo ke tum Allah ke bandey ho. Pehlay waqt mein, gulam sir nahi dhanpte thay, isiliye ahraam mein mard apna sir nahi dhaanp saktay. Tum Allah ke samney kuch bhi nahi, sirf ek gulam. Tumhare paas kuch bhi nahi hai, libaas bhi silay hue nahi hai. Yeh yaad rakhney ke liye hai ke tum Allah ke bandey ho aur aajiz raho. Aur Ahraam dikhne mein kafan ki tarah lagta hai isliye yeh hamein maut ki yaad dilata hai.
Isliye jab aap niyyat karley Ahraam bandhne ke liye to gusul karey aur ahraam ke kapday pehan lay. Phir jab aap miqaat (ahraam ke liye sarhadi maqam) par pahunchay, to aap niyyat karley ahram ki Hajj ya Umrah ya Hajj aur Umrah dono ke liye; aur 2 rak’at namaz padhley ahraam bandhne ki niyyat se. Aap Hajj ki niyyat karley agar aap sirf Hajj ke liye ja rahay hai. Ya aap Umrah aur Hajj ke liye eksath /mushtarqa niyyat karley – woh usay Hajj Qiran ِﻗران ﺣﺞ kehtey hai. Aur teesri qism ki niyyat ko – woh usay Hajj Al Tamattu’ اﻟﺗﻣﺗﻊ ﺣﺞ kehtey hai – jaha aap Umrah ke liye sabse pehlay niyyat kartey hai, aur jab aap Umrah mukammal karley, ahraam se bahar ho jaye; phir Arafah ke din se pehlay aap dobarah ahraam bandhtay hai, aur iss baar aap niyyat karley Hajj ke liye: isay kehtey hai Hajj Al Tamattu’- اﻟﺗﻣﺗﻊ ﺣﺞ . Jo log taweel qiyam kartey hai, woh umooman aisa karte hai.
Hajj Al-Qiran ke liye, jahan aap Umrah aur Hajj ki eksath niyyat kartey hai, phir aap pehlay Umrah mukammal kartey hai aur aap apne ahraam se bahar nahi jatey, aap ahraam bandhay huye rehtey hai, aur roz-e-Arafah aap Hajj ki niyyat kartey hai, lekin aap iss se pehlay apne ahraam ke kapday nahi utartey. Jab aap ahraam ki haalat mein hotay hai to aap apne naakhun nahi kaat-tay, baalo mein kanghi nahi kartey, daadhi mein kanghi nahi karte, aap kisi cheez ko nahi maar tay, hatta ke keeday-makodo ko bhi, koi powdha ya pattay ya ghaas nahi kaat-tay, aap itr/perfume nahi lagatay, aap khushboo wala tail nahi lagatay, ya khushboo walay sabun ya shampoo istemaal nahi kartey. Aap ko murdah ki tarah banna hai, aap mudakhlat nahi karte hai apni roz marrah ki zindagi kay mamool ke kaamo mein. Yahan tak ke agar aapko nahaney ki zaroorat hai, to aapko nahana hoga saada paani se ya sirf baghair khushbu wala, perfume se pak sabun se, aap apne naakhun nahi kaat-tay, aap apne baalo mein kanghi nahi kartey.
Jab aap Ahraam mein hotay hai to aap nahi kar saktay behais, ya ladayee/jhagda, ya shauhar-biwi ka rishta. Yeh ahraam ka mafhoom hai aur na sirf kapdey.
To yahi hota hai ahraam inn teeno niyyat mein se kisi ke liye bhi. Agar aap niyyat kartey hai sirf Hajj ki, jab aap Hajj mukammal karley to qurbani ki zaroorat nahi. Baqi dono niyyat ke liye, aapko roz-e-Eid qurbani karney ki zaroorat hai. Agar aap qurbani karne par raazi nahi hai ya roz-e-Eid aap qurbani nahi kar saktay hai, to aap Hajj par hotay hue 3 roz ke liye roza rakhtay hai (Arafah se pehlay ya baadme, isse koi farq nahi padta) lekin aapko 3 roz ke liye roza rakhna hoga, aur phir aapko 7 roz ke liye roza rakhna hai jab aap apne mulk wapas aa jaye; iss ka hukm diya gaya hai QuranAl-Kareem mein. Phir yeh 10 roz ka roza hojata hai ek qurbani ke bajaye. Agar aap ki niyyat hai Hajj Al-Qiran ya Hajj Al-Tamattu’ ki, to aap ya to qurbani karley ya roza rakhley 3 roz Hajj mein aur 7 roz jab aap apne mulk wapas aa jaye tab.
Itna hi aaj Hajj ke liye, aur hum baadme yeh jaari rakhengay, Insha’Allah.
Ab mai aapko batati hu nadhr (mannat) ke baarey mein. Bismillahi Ar-Rahman Ar-Rahim.
Bahut si Khawateen ne pucha hai nadhr ke baarey mein. Yeh hota hai koi wada/ ‘ehd karna kisi kaam ko karne ka agar Allah aapki kisi khaas darkhaast ko pura karta hai. Nadhr ek hadiya ya ‘ehd hai Allah ke liye. Rasool‘Allah ﷺ ne nadhr karney ka hukm diya hai agar aap kisi na-munasib haalat mein ho ya deegar koi cheez aur isse nikalna chahtay hai. Lekin Rasool‘Allah ﷺ ne yeh bhi hukm diya hai ke aisi nadhr na karey jisko poora na kiya ja sakay. Kuch log aisa kartey hai. Kuch Sahaba Rasool‘Allah ﷺ ke paas aaye aur un mein se ek ne Aap ﷺ se farmaya ke mai ne nadhr banayi hai ke agar mujhe apne dushman se bacha liya gaya to mein apne aapko qatl karduga. Yeh ek namaqool nadhr hai.
Rasool‘Allah ﷺ ne unsey farmaya : “Agar tum musalman ho, to Jahannum mein honge aur agar tum musalman nahi ho, to tum iss ki wajah se bhi Jahannum mein honge.” [yeh nadhr jo aap ne banayi hai woh durust nahi hai] . Sahabi ne farmaya: “Mai kya karu?”
Rasool‘Allah ﷺ ne jawab mein farmaya: “Aap ek Dunba le le aur qurbani kardey iss Nazeer ke badley”. Ek dusray Sahabi ne aakar farmaya : “Jab mai musalman nahi tha, mai nadhr bana raha tha kuch jaanwar zibah karne ke liye aur ab mai ne jo manga tha woh poora hogaya, jo mai ne tamanna ki woh mukammal hogaya. Mai ab kya karu? Mai uss waqt musalman nahi tha.”
Rasool‘Allah ﷺ ne sawaal farmaya: “Kya aap ne yeh wada/ ‘ehd Allah ke siwa kisi buut ke liye kiya tha ya kisi aur cheez ke liye?
Unhoney jawab farmaya: “Nahi. Mai ne sirf yeh kaha ke mai Allah ke liye yeh nadhr poori karuga. Mai un janwaro ko Allah ke liye zubah karuga.”
Phir, Rasool‘Allah ﷺ ne farmaya : “Apni nadhr bana lo, apna wada/ ‘ehd mukammal karlo”.
Kuch khawateen kuch aisa karne ka wada/ ‘ehd karti hai jo woh waqai nahi kar sakti, jaisay ke darmiyaan mein rukay baghair 100 roz tak roza rakhna, ya iss jaisi doosri cheezey. Inhey iss baray mein mohtaat rehna hoga. Rasool‘Allah ﷺ ne farmaya ke aisay ‘ehd, nadhr, ko poora na karne ki saza Allah ka jhoota ya toota hua yaamin/wada ke barabar hona chahiye. Aap apne yaamin ko kaisey todte hai? Ya to aap woh karlay jisey nahi karne ka ‘ehd kiya hai, ya aap woh na karo jisay karne ka ‘ehd kiya hai, iss se aap apna yaamin/ ‘ehd tod detay hai. Jaisay ke jab aap kehte hai: ‘Wallahi, billahi, mai yeh nahi karta, ya mai yeh karta hu, waghairah,’ aur baad mai aapko pachtawa hota hai ke aap ne yeh wada/ ‘ehd kar liya aur iss par qaim nahi reh saktay. Phir, iss ka jurmana ya to 3 roz tak roza rakhna hai ya 10 ghareebon ko khana ya libas farham karna hai. Yeh hai jurmana aapna nadhr ya Yamin ko poora nahi karne ki soorat-e-haal mein. Toh nadhr ke liye, aap Allah se kisi kaam ka wada/ ‘edh karte hai agar woh aapko kuch ataa karta hai, lekin, phir, aap apni nadhr ko poora nahi kar saktay, aap iss kaam ko poora nahi kar saktay jiska aap ne wada/ ‘ehd kiya hai, to iss ki saza tootay hue Yamin ki tarah hai.
Sabse munasib jurmana hota hai apne gulam ko azad kar dena lekin ab humarey paas gulam nahi hotay Alhumdulillah. Phir, ya to roza rakhlay 3 roz ke liye ya khana ya libaas farhaam kardey 10 gareebo ko. ‘Ulama farmaya kartey hai ke ameer ke liye jurmana hona chahiye roza rakhna aur gareebo ke liye paisay farham karna taki woh dobarah se yeh galti na dohraaye. Kyuki ameer logo ke liye, paise farhaam karna aasan hai aur gareebo ke liye, roza rakhna aasaan hai. Isiliye jab woh Yamin ya nadhr banatey hai, unhey kehne se pehley do martaba sochna chahiye.
Wa min Allahi at-tawfeeq Fatiha.