Ders Fiqh aur Adab
2021/07/07, Ders14
Fehrist:
★Hajj par jane ke sharayat
★Hajj badal
★Kabah aur al-Baytul Ma’moor
★Hijre aswad aur ihram ke dayra
★Salatul Eid padhne ka tareeqa
★Salatul eid aur Salatul Juma ke darmiyan fark
★Al Adhiyya aur adhiyye ki qurbani ka tareeqa/ Eid ki qurbani
★Dhul hijjah ke roze
Hajj ke mahine ki mubarakbadi. Dhul Qadah takreeban khatam ho chuka hai aur kuch hi dino mein Hajj ka mahina shuru hojayega, Dhul Hijjah. Alhamdulillah ye Islam ka pachva sutoon hai: Al-Hajj. ‘Al Hajju ash-harun ma’lumat’ Hajj ke mahine namwar hai.
Hajj zindagi mein ek bar farz hai. Apka koi bhi izafi hajj razakarana hai. Aap kuch logo ki taraf se bhi hajj par ja sakte hai, isko Hajj- badal kehte hai SubhanAllah. Ye lagatar dusra saal hai ke bohot se logo ke liye Hajj par jana mumkin nahi hai. Alhamdulillah, kya karein? Ye Allah ki marzi hai. Humein istighfar karte rehna hai aur Allah Azza wa Jalla se dua mangna hai ke humein maaf kardein aur hume tamam buraiyo se mehfooz farmaye aur Mahdi alayhi Salam ki amad jaldi karein. In sha Allah.
Hajj farz hai ‘man astata’a ilaiyhi sabila ke liye.
Jo shaks hajj ko pohoch sakta hai aur jaa sakta hai uspar hajj farz hai. Zyadatar ye un logo ke liye hai jinke paas zyada paisa aur waqt aur sehat bhi hai kyuke ye ek mushkil ibadat hai. Isliye Allah Azza wa Jalla ne apke zindagi me Hajj k liye sirf ek bar hukum diya.
Hajj par jane ke liye sabse pehle apka musalman hona zaruri hai. Dusra, baluhat tak pohochne ke liye apka bal hona zaruri hai. Teesra, apka samajhdar hona zaruri hai. Chautha, apke paas apne khandan ke liye chodne ke liye kafi rakam honi chahiye taki wo apke wapus aane tak apni dekhbal kar sake.
Agar aap mard hai ya agar aap apne khandan ke liye mali taur par zimedar hai, to aapko ye yakeeni banana hoga ke jabtak aap wapus nahi aate wo theek hai.
Hajj par jaane ki niyyat karna achi baat hai, lekin hajj par jane ke liye shartein bhi puri karni hogi. Gair musalmo ka Makkah aur Madina mein dakhila mamnu hai. Lahiza gair musalmo k liye unhe apna Islam ka aylaan karna hoga, fir wo Hajj par ja sakte hai ya Makkah Mukarma ya Madina Munawara par ja sakte hai. Agar aap bal hai, ek bacha apne walidain ke sath jaa raha hai to ye unke liye Hajj shumar hota hai, lekin jab wo baluhat ko pohochte hai to unhe dobara jana padega.
Agar walidain ke sath hajj par jane wale un bacho ke liye zindagi bhar dubara jana mumkin na ho , to jo hajj unhone bataur aulaad kiya wo unke liye hajj shumar hoga.
Agar koi dewana hai, to uska hajj shumar nahi hoga kyu ke dewana apne amal ka zimedar nahi hai.
Hajj par jane wale ke paas Hajj ke safar ke liye paise hone chahiye aur apne khandan ke liye bhi chodna chaiye taki wo apni dekhbal kar sake. Baz aukat log dusro ko, gareeb logo ko, hajj par lekar jaate hai. Wo unke akhrajat ka khayal rakhte hai, aur ye theek hai, ye mumkin hai. Bas log kehte hai ke agar koi tumhara hajj ada kardein to ye mumkin nahi hai. Nahi, ye mumkin hai aur theek hai. Ye Allah Azza wa Jalla ki taraf se ek tohfa hai ke uss shaks ke dil me alham hua ke uss gareeb ko hajj par bhejde, aur uske liye double ajar likh diya jayega jisne uss gareeb shaks ka hajj ada kiya.
Aur agar aap dusri ya teesri dafa Hajj par jaye toh behtar hoga ke apke khandan se koi, ya kareebi khandan ya dost, jo Hajj par nahi gaye ya na jaa sakte ho- unke naam par Hajj karna.
Ya kisi ko bhejde jo dusri ya teesri dafa ja raha ho, unke liye adaygi kare, ke wo uss shaks k naam par Hajj par jaye jo Hajj par kabhi nahi gaya. Ye bhi sawab hai, ise Hajj Badal kehte hai, uska matlab hai dusre shaks ki taraf se Hajj par jana. Ye bhi bohot achi baat hai aur double ajar hai iska kyu ke aap Islam mein apne bhai ur behn ki ek zimedari ko pura karne me madat kar rahe ho. Ye acha hai. Lekin pehle apko khud hi Haji banna hoga, agar aap dusri ya teesri baar ya kai baar Hajj par jarahe hai toh aap Hajj badal kar sakte hai aur kisi dusre shaqs ke bajaye ja sakte hai, Yaha tak k agar wo aapke liye adaygi nahi kar rahe hai, adaygi karne ki zarurat nai hai, jaise apke dadi,dada, aapke baap dada, aapke chacha ya aapki khala jo kabhi Hajj par nahi gaye the. Aap unke naam par Hajj kar sakte hai taki unka farz pura hojaye aur apko uss Hajj ka dugna sawab bhi mile. Hajj badal ek shaqs ke naam par kia ja sakte hai na ke boht se logo ke naam par.
Hajj ki kahani boht lambi hai. Ka’bah Shareef, jaise ki Quran me bataya gaya hai, logo ke liye banaya gaya pehla ghar hai, Ye Allah ka ghar hai -Bait Allah. Ye Hijaz mein, zameen ke marqaz mein maujud hai, bilkul al Baitul Ma’mur ke neeche. Al Baitul Ma’mur saatve asman par arsh- Alaihi takht ke neeche maujud hai aur qayamat tak farishte har waqt uske girth tawaf karte rehte hai, isliye usse Ma’mur kehte hai jiski Arabi maani ‘Aabaad’ hai. Ye Khana Ka’bah ke bilkul upar hai aur Khana Ka’bah zameen par uska aina hai.
Hajj , Sayiddina Adam ke zamane se hai. Sayiddina Adam Hazrat Hawwa ke sath har saal Hajj karte the aur Khana Ka’bah ka tawaf karte the.
Jab Hazrat Nuh (AS) ka sailaab aya, Khana Ka’bah ke jagah ke upar ek choti si pahadi rakhi gayi ise azaab ke pani se chipane ke liye.
Hajar Al-Aswad, kala pathar Jabl Abu Qubays(Ka’bah ke girth pahad) ke andar chipa hua tha. Jab Hazrat Ibrahim (AS) ko Ka’bah ki tameer ka hukum diya gaya, Jibril alaiyhi salam ne aake uss choti si pahadi ko Ka’bah ki jagah se hataya aur Ibrahim (AS) ko bilkul dikhaya ke isse kaise aur kaha tameer karna chahiye, bilkul usi ghar jaisa ho jaisa ki Adam(AS) ke sath utra tha.
Jabal Abu Qubays Ka’bah ke girth sabse chota pahad hai. Jab Jibril (AS) Hajar al aswad ko chipana chahte the, pahad bohot udaas tha kyuki uski uchai kafi nahi thi aur kaha, ‘Koi meri taraf nahi dekhega’. Toh fir Allah Azza wa Jalla ne Hajar al aswad ko Abu Qubays ke pahad ke andar rakhne ka hukum diya. Fir jab Hazrat Ibrahim (AS) Ka’bah ki tameer kar rahe the toh dubara Jabal Abu Qubays roye aur bheek mangi, ‘ Maine kai saalo se Hajar al aswad ko apne andar rakha, toh wo mere pathar le jaye Ka’bah kei tameer ke liye.
Toh unn patharo ko waha se liya gaya aur Hazrat Ibrahim (AS) ne Hazrat Ismail (AS) ke sath Khana Ka’bah ki tameer karna shuru ki. Is ghar ka maalik Allah Azza wa Jalla hai, mumar Jibril (AS), aur mastari , builder Ibrahim (AS) hai aur madatgar Ismail (AS) hai.
Far hone ke baad unhone Hajar al aswad ko uski jagah par rakh diya aur Ka’bah ke charo taraf chote chote pathar the jinhe Ibrahim (AS) jhadna chahte the. Fir ek aandhi aayi aur unn tamam patharo aur reth ko le gayi.
Jaha jaha ek chota sa pathar gira wo ek choti masjid ban gayi. Agar chaho usse pehle ye church, ya ibadatgahi, ya kuch aur cheez thi lekin akhir kar ye masjid ban gayi.
Fir Allah Azza wa Jalla ne Ibrahim (AS) ko hukum diya ke wo logo ko Hajj ke liye bulaye.
Ibrahim (AS) ne pukara aur unhone shehed ki makhiyo ki awaz ki tarah boht sari awazein suni , ‘Labbaik Allahuma Labbaik. Labbaik la shareeka laka labbaik..’
Fir Hazrat Ibrahim (AS) pareshan hue ke itne bade hajjo ki mezbani kaise karege kyuke wo mehmano ki mezbani aur izzat karna pasand karte the.
Wo boht fayyaz aur bohot mehman nawaz the. Fir Ibrahim (AS) se kaha gaya: “Nahi, ye sab logo ki awaze hai jo Ka’bah ki ziyarat ke liye ayege aur kayamat tak.” Hazrat Ibrahim (AS) ne unki tazi ke liye unhe kuch tohfa dena chaha. Hazrat Jibril (AS) ne asmaan se pani ka ek glass laya aur phenkne ko kaha. Jab Ibrahim (AS) ne usse phenka toh wo namak ban gaya. Toh namak hai Hazrat Ibrahim ikram ki mehman nawazi aur hum par meherbani, qayamat tak tamam insaniyat ke liye.
Aur pehle Hajji Ibrahim, Hazrat Ismail, Hazrat Ishaq, Hazrat Sara aur Hazrat Hajar the. Unhone tawaf kiya, sai ki aur, Arafah par gaye, ye sabse pehle Hajj karnewale the, Hajj ke arkan ka aagaaz unse hua.
Kala pathar, Hajar-Al-Aswad jannat ka safed jawahir tha. Uski roshni bohot door tak pohchi aur ihram ke daira ki wazahat ki. Jab hum Hajj par jate hai, hum bina ihram ke uss sarhad se aage nahi jaa sakte.
Uss pathar ki roshni tamaam ilako mein pohoch gayi. Jaise Madina se bahar jane baad ye 50km hai. Uski roshni Jeddah aur Yemen ke samat bhi pohoch gayi, ek bada halka aur jaha tak roshni pohchi waha apko ihram bandhna pada andar jane se pehle.
Lekin guzarte waqt ke sath mushrik, kafir air gunahgar ke chune se ye pathar kala padgaya. Aur iska naam Hajar-Al-Aswad, kala pathar, padgaya.
Salat-ul-Eid , Eid ki namaz, jo usme shirkat kare uspar wajib. Jo bhi Salat-ul-juma mein shirkat kar sake , use Salat-ul-Eid mein jana hai, zyada tar mard, lekin aurtein bhi ja sakti hai. Nabi pak(SAW) jab Salat-ul-Eid ko jate , apne sahaba, sathiyon ke sath; waha aurtein bhi Salat-ul-Eid ki namaz peeche khade hoke parti thi.
Ache kapde pehenna sunnah hai. Khushu lagana (mard ke liye) sunnah hai. Ankh mein kajal lagana bhi sunnah hai.
Salat-ul-Eid par jane ke pehle sirf kuch pee lena hi sunnah hai. Eid-ul-Adha mein hum kuch khate nahi, Eid ki namaz se pehle shayad kuch pee lete hai , lekin khate nahi. Eid ki namaz parh ke aane ke baad hi kuch khate hai aur agar koi janwar ki qurbani ki hai toh qurbani ka gosht paka ke khana sunnah hai. Agar koi janwar ki qurbani nahi hui hai toh jo tayar ho wo kha lena lekin Eid ki namaz ke baad, pehle nahi.
Aur takbir ihram bhi hai, jo Arafah ke din se shuru hota hai, Arafah ke din ki subah ki namaz se. Har namaz ke baad ye 3 baar parha jata hai: ‘ Allahu Akbar Allahu Akbar, La ilaha illal Allah, Hu Allah hu Akbar , Allahu Akbar wa lilahi al-hamd. Agar aap parhna bhul jaye to jab yaad aye parh liya kare.
Arafah ke din ki subah se lekar Asar tak Eid ke chauthe din tak hume ye takbir karni hai, ye sunnah muakkadah hai.
Aur Eid Al-Adha ke liye ek Adhiyya (ek bakra, ek menda, ek gai ya bhais ya ek uth) zubah karna padta hai. Agar apke paas ek ghar hai aur amdani hai to Eid Al-Adha par zubah karna aap par wajib hai.
Hanafi mazhab mein agar aapke paas ek ghar hai jo apka apna nai hai, bhade par hai aur agar apki amdani hai toh aap ne apne liye zubah karna hai. Agar biwi ke paas 100 tola sona ya usse zyada ke barabar daulat hai toh use khudko Adhiyya ke liye paise dene hoge. Agar nai ho toh ek Adhiyya khandan ke liye.
Lekin agar hai toh aap ne karna chahiye. Ye hamre mazhab me wajib hai.
Aajkal kabhi kabar apne sheher mein mumkin nahi hota, kyuke boht mehngai hai ya shayad aapki itni haisiyat nai hai. Kuch log, idarein aur kuch jagah paise jama kartein hai aur gareeb shehero mein bhejte hai taki wo zubah kar ke gareebo ko khila sake. Ye bhi ek tareeqa hai ise karne ka.
Agar aap apne ghar ya shehr mein zubah karte hai, Adhiyya gosht ka ek tahai apke ghar ke liye hai, ek tahai dost aur padosi ke liye aur ek tahai gareebo ke liye hai. Ye aisa hai. Agar nahi toh, aur apko ye pasand nahi, toh ise pura gareebo mein baat sakte hai ya apne liye thoda rakh sakte hai aur baki ka de sakte hai, ye apke upar hai.
Eid Al-Adha ke liye Adhiyya zubah karna boht zaruri hai. Agar apke paas boht Adhiyya hai toh aap ek ghar ya dusri jagah kar sakte hai , ya fir alag jagaho par kar sakte hai,ye theek hai. Lekin zubah karna acha hota hai. Aur boht sare log mil baat kar ek hi bade janwar jaise gai ya uth ko zubah kar sakte hai.
Salatul Eid ( Eid ki namaz) ka waqt Ishraq ke baad ka hai, kareeban suraj nikalne ke ek ghante baad. Eid ki namaz ko 7 takbiro ke sath padha jata hai. Niyat karte hai, iqama nahi hoti. Salatul Eid khutbe ke pehle padhi jati hai. Juma namaz mein, khutba hai fir juma namaz. Lekin Eid mein pehle Eid ki namaz hai fir khutba.
Hum niyat karte hai, muezzin ailaan karte hai Salatul Eid ki niyat karne ka. Isme iqama nahi hota. Dono bhi Eid mein imam ke peeche padhne krne ki niyat karte hai, Salatul Eid imam ke sath padhte hai, Salatul Juma ki tarah. Imam ke sath sath padhna hota hai , imam niyat karte hai aur ‘Allahu Akbar’ kehke takbir ke liye hath upar uthate hai aur fir takbir ke baad hath neeche late hai.
Fir pachwi waqt baad hath neeche lane par daye hath ko dusre hath ke upar rakh ke namaz padhna shuru karte hai.
Pehli rak’ah mein Surah fatiha aur Surah Al- A’la (Quran 87) padhna sunnah hai aur dusri rak’ah mein Surah fatiha aur Surah Ghashiyah(Quran 88) Eid Al-Fitr mein, aur Surah Al-Kawthar (Quran 108) Eid Al-Adha par. Ye sunnah hai. Agar imam kuch aur surah padhte hai toh theek hai.
Dusri rak’ah ke baad, surah fatiha aur surah, aur imam ke ruku’ mein jane ke pehle wo kahege ‘Allahu Akbar’. 4 takbir padhke fir ruku’ mein jayege aur hume unke peeche padhna hai. Fir namaz ko waise hi mukammal karein jaise hum padhte hai. Hume takbir fajr ki namaz se eid ki namaz tak padhna hai, masjid mein bhi takbir padhte rehna hai.
Aur Eid ki namaz ki 2 rak’ah padhne ke baad, khutba hota hai. Khutba sunnah hai lekin Eid ki namaz wajib hai. Lekin Jumah namaz ka khutba fard hai. Zyadatar ye mardo ke liye hai, lekin agar aurtein masjid jaye to unpar bhi fard hai. Agar wo gharpe hai toh unpr sahib nahi hai, unke liye fard nahi hai, na hi juma na eid ka khutba. Lekin agar wo masjid mein hai ya khaas masjid me namaz padhne jaa rahe hai toh unhe padhna padega.
Aur ek choti notice jab khutba padha ja rha hai, juma ya eid ya koi bhi aur khutba, ye namaz ki tarah hai. Baraye meherbani, tamaam aurte, aur mai apne aap ko bhi yaad dila rahi hu, aur mardo ko bhi, baat na kare, na ‘salam alaykum’ na ‘walaykum salam’ kahe; khutbah sunne ke dohran aise rahe jaise aap namaz mein ho. Ye zaruri baat hai jab aap khutba sun rahe ho. Aur ye bhi kehte hai ke jab imam dua kar rahe hote hai to ‘Aameen’ na kaho. Khamoshi se imam ko suno jabtak imam minbar se neeche nahi utar ke aate.
Dhul Hijjah ke roze rakhna sunnah hai. 1st se leke 9th Dhul Hijjah (Arafah ke din) tak, agar apke paas taakat hai toh bismillah. Warna aap Yawm At-Tarwiyah (8th Dhul Hijjah) aur Yawm Al-Arafah(9th Dhul Hijjah)ka bhi roza rakh sakte hai. Boht hi acha mana jata hai khaas ye do din ke roze rakhna.
Wa min Allahi at-tawfeeq Fatiha