Adab Aur Fiqh Ders *
2021/06/08, Ders 12
بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم
Fehrist:
★ Sujud As-Sahu /Sajdah e-Sahu
- Isey kaise karna chahiye
- Isey kab karna chahiye
- Isey kab NAHI karna chahiye
★ Shakk, waswas وسواس, شك
★ Jamat me chooti hui rakaat ko kaise giney??
★ Sajda At-Tilawah –التالوة سجدة Sajda e Tilawat
- Sajda e Tilawat kon Nahi kar sakta?
- Ayat Al-Sajda السجدة آياتAyat e Sajdah
- Sajdah e Tilawat kaise karey? Sajda e Tilawat kon nahi kar sakte?
Aaj hum Sajda e Sahu السهو سجود ke bare me baat kar rahe hai. Sajdah e Sahu tab ke liye hai jab hum Namaz mein kuch karna bhool jaye aur phir wo yaad aye, namaz ke chalte hue hi, lekin ada karne der ho chuki ho. Masalan: agar namaz ki dusri rakaat mein jab aap tashahhud ke liye baith te hai, aap baithna bhool jaye aur khade ho jaye, ya aap Fatiha ke bad ek surah padhna bhool jaye, ya aap ek rakaat me sajdah karna bhool jaye(kyunki ek sajdah farz hai, dusra sajdah wajib hai; wagaira…
Toh aap niyyat karey dil mein Sajdah e Sahu ke liye, jab aap aakhri tashahhud ke liye baithe ho(‘innaka Ḥamidun Majeed’ padhne ke bad tak), aur phir aap salaam pherege seedhi taraf ‘Assaalamu alaykum wa rahmat Allah’, phir aap do sajde karege, aur aap phir baithege aur tashahhud padhege phir se ‘innaka Ḥamidun Majeed’ tak, phir aap salaam pherege aur phir aapki namaz mukammal hui. Ye Sajdah e Sahu hai, jab aap namaz me koi adaegi bhool jaye.
Jab aap Imam ke sath padhte ho, aap sajdah e Sahu aapki ki hui galti ke liye nahi karte(jab imam sahi ho aur aap galat karey). Ye isliye kyunki aap Imam ki paervi kar rahe ho, toh jamat ke sath padhne me aapki ki hui galti nahi gini jaengi aapke liye. Agar sirfImam se galti ho, phir Imam Sajdah e Sahu karge aur unke sath Jamat bhi Sajdah e Sahu karegi.
Lekin afar aap jamat ki namaz me bahot der se aaye, aur jab Imam salam pherte hai, aap padhnajari rakhe jo aap se reh gaya aur aapne kuch galat kiya, toh aap Sajdah e Sahu karege iske liye.
Farz Namazein Asar, Zohar aur Isha ke 4 rakaat hai. Agar aap bhool jaye aur panchvi rakaat ke loye khade ho jaye, lekin aapko beech me hi yaad ajaye aur aap poori tarah se khade na hue ho (aapki peet poori seedhi na ho), aap wapas bas baith jaye aur salam pherey, phir sajdah e Sahu ki zarurat nahi. Waise bhi, agar aap panchvi rakat ke liye poori tarah khade ho jaye aur aapko ye yaad aaye, aap panchvi aur chatti rakat padhege. Kyunki chaar rakat farz namaz ke liye, agar aap panchvi rakat ke liye khade ho jaye, aapko che 6 rakat padhni hogi aur phir aap Sajdah e Sahu karege, aur phir aap namaz dohraenge kyunki ye nafeel ban gayi.
Subah ki namaz ke liye, agar aap dusri rakat ke bad teesri rakat ke liye khade ho jaye, aap chouthi rakat bhi jari rakhege aur jab aapki namaz ho jaye, toh aap Sajdah e Sahu karege. Lekinye namaz nafeel namaz ho gayi aur isiliye aapko ye dohrani hogi: aapko farz namaz phir se ada karni hogi.
Maghrib ke liye, aisa nahi hai. Maghrib ke liye, agar aapne mehsus kar liya ki aap chouthi rakat padh rahe hai, aap fauran salam pherey aur farz nama phur se padhey. Kyunki ye 3 rakaat hai, 2 ya 4 nahi.
Agar aap namaz mein koi bhi cheez jaan bujkar chodey, ye gunah hai, ye qubul nahi kiya ja sakta. Agar jo aapne choda (jaise dusri rakat me baithna) wo jaan bujkar na ho, koi wajah ya agar aap bhool jaye, phir aap Sajdah e Sahu namaz ke aakhir me padhle. Lekin agar aap ne koi cheez jaan bujkar chodi, agar apni namaz poori nahi padhi, ye gunah hai aur aapko ye phir se padhni hai.
Agar dono taraf salam pherne ke bad, aapko yaad aaye ki aap kuch bhool gaye aur Sajdah e Sahu kizarurat hai, aap ab bhi Sajdah e Sahu kar sakte hai lekin behtar hai ki aap sajdah e Sahu seedhi taraf salam pherne ke bad aur ulti taraf salam pherne se pehle karey [makruh tanzihi: haram se zyada halal ke nazdeek].
Aur agar aapko subah ki namaz ke liye bahot der ho jaye, ye zaruri nahi ke aap sajdah e Sahu karey, aap isse mustahasna hai. Aur Asar ke liye bhi, aapko agar bahot der ho jaye. Aur agar aapko ye Sajdah e Sahu karne se koi cheez rokti ho tab bhi. Aur agar Eid aur Jumma namaz mein, Imam kuch galat kar de, Sajdah e Sahu ki koi zarurat nahi.
Jamat namaz me aapse chooti hui rakat ko kaise giney? Aur jab aap ek Imam ke sath padhte hai, agar aap masjid aaye aur Imam khade ho, pehle se hi padh rahe ho aur wo ruku me chale jaye pehli rakat ki ya koi bhi rakat ki, aur aap is surat e hal me Imam ko pahochte ho, phir wo aapke liye pehli rakat gini jaegi. Agar Imam ne kaha ‘Sami’a Allahu li-man hamida- سَمِعَ اللَّهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ aur uth gaye ruku se, agar aap ye surat me namaz me pahochte ho, aapko ye rakat aakhir me phir se ada karni hogi, jab imam salam phere, aap salam nahi pherege aur aap uthege aur aapse chooti hui ko mukammal karenge.
Lekin agar aap Imam ke pas is halat me pahocho jab Imam ruku me ho, phir wo rakat aapko qaza nahi padhni, ye aapke liye gini jaengi(shumar hogi). Agar wo ruku se uth jaye, rakat nahi gini jaegi aur jab imam salam pherey, aapko uthkar aapse chooti hui ko ada karna hai. Agar aapse pehli rakat chooti, aap Fatiha aur ek surah padhege, dusri rakat ke liye, ek Fatiha aur ek surah, aur teesri rakat mein aap sirf 1 Fatiha padhege. Agar aapne 3 rakat chodi toh aap isey isi tarah padhe jaise wo namaz me honi chahiye. Imam ke seedhi taraf salam pherne ke bad, unke ulti taraf salam pherne se pehle, aap “Allahu Akbar” kahenge aur uthege aur apni namaz jaari rakhenge, jo bhi aapse chooti In Shaa Allah.
Ek aur mauzua hai jispe hum baat karna chahte hai. Ki log hamesha bahot zyada shukook, waswas, shak وس وس, شك karte hai, hamesha apni namazon ko lekar shak. Agar ye pehli bar ho, ya agar aapko hamesha shak ho, aap apni namaz ki qaza nahi padhege, dohraenge nahi. Lekin agar kabhi ek bar aap bhoolte ho, aap shak karte ho aapne kitni rakatein padhi, ya aapko nahi pata aapne kitni rakaat padhi, jab aap namaz mein baithe hue honge, At-tahiyyatu padhte hue sochiye is barey me. Agar aapko maloom ho jaye aapne kitni rakat padhi toh theek hai. Agar aapko nahi pata, salam pherey aur apni namaz dohraye.
Lekin agar ye aapki aadat ho sochne ‘maine kitni rakatin padhi?’, kuch log kehte hai unhe hamesha shak rehta hai unhone kitni rakat padhi. Phir, is haal mein, aap is barey me sochein aur sabse chota number le. Masalan, agar aap sochte hai ‘ kya maine 3 rakat padhi ya 4?’, phir jab aap baithe hue ho, aap kahein, ‘shayad ye 3 rakat hai’, aur aap uthey aur namaz jaari rakhein. Aapko fard (tasleem) karna hoga ye kum number hai.
Aur shayad aap 4 rakat padh rahe ho aur aap kaho ‘ Mujhe Lagta hai maine 2 rakat padhi’, phir aap 2 aur rakat padhege aur har rakat mein aap tashahhud ke liye baithege kyunki aapko sach pata nahi ki assal mein kitni rakat aapne padhi, jab tak aap chouthi rakat poori nahi karte.
Qaida hai ki aap sochey aapne kitni rakat padhi aur choti ta’dad le, aur waha se rakat ki ginti karey. Shayad aap chouthi rakat mein baithe ho aur aapko pata naa ho, aur aap sochte ho ye teesri rakat hai, phir aap uthe aur aap chouthi rakat padhkar baith jaye. Shayad aap 4 rakat padh rahe ho aur aap sochte ho ke aapne 4 rakat padhli, phir aap utho aur aap teesri rakat padho aur aap baitho aur ‘At- tahiyyatu’ padho ‘innaka Ḥamidun Majeed’ tak, aur phir aap utho aur chouthi rakat padho aur ‘At- tahiyyatu’ padho ‘innaka Ḥamidun Majeed’ tak aur salam phero. Ye unlog ke liye jinko apni namazo ke barey me shak rehta hai.
Aur Sajdah e Tilawat-سجدة التالوةbhi hai. Quran e Karim mein 14 jagah, ayat hai jaha Sajdah e Tilawat ki zarurat hai. Ye wajib واجب hai. Aur hamein paak saaf hona chahiye, wuzu se hona chahiye aur paak saaf kapde pahene hue chahiye aur satr al-‘awra ke sharayat ko poora karna chahiye. Aap bina scarf ke ya aadhi asteen mein sajdah nahi kar sakte. Aap aisa libaas pehno jaise namaz ke liye ho aur wuzu se raho aur paak saaf ho. Ye wajib hai aur jab ye namaz mein ho, agar imam padh rahe ho, phir poori jamat ko bhi sajdah karna hoga. Ya toh aap akele sajdah karey namaz mein, ya aap niyyat baandh le apne dil me ki jab aap ruku ya sajdah me jaa rahe ho ye Sajdah e Tilawat ke liye bhi hai.
Jummah ke din subah ki namaz mein, hum surah e sajdah padhte hai aur infiradi sajdah karte hai namaz mein, aur phir hum uthte hai aur namaz aur padhayi jaari rakhte hai. Lekin Surah e ‘Alaq ke liye, Sajdah ki Ayat surah ki aakhir me hoti hai, phir jab aap ruku me jaate hai toh wo is ayat ke liye sajdah gina jata hai. Ya alag jagah par bhi aisi hai, Surah e A’raf mein bhi aakhri ayat Ayat e Sajdah hai. Toh jab aap apne dil mein niyyat karle ki ye ruku ya sajdah Ayat ke liye hai, ye qabil e qubool hai, ye hai agar aap akele namaz padh rahe ho.
Agar aap Imam ke sath namaz padh rahe ho, aur Imam Ayat e Sajdah padhte hai phir jab wo sajdah ya ruku karte hai, hum imam ki paervi karege. Agar koi jamat se, imam nahi, ayat e sajdah padhta hai, phir sajdah karna wajib nahi. Lekin agar koi jamat ke bahar, koi jo ek kone mein masjid ke Quran padh raha ho aur ayat e sajdah aaye jaha sajdah e Tilawat ki zarurat ho, imam aur jamat ke namaz padhne ke bad, inko iske liye sajdah karna hoga. Ye, namaz ke dauran ya masjid mein jab jamat aur Imam padhte hai tab ke liye.
Agar aap Quran akele padh rahe ho aur Sajdah e Tilawat aaye, aap isey aapki Quran padhna khatm karne tak chod sakte hai, jab aapke pas iske liye waqt ho, ya aap ye wahi par kar sakte ho jab aap sajdah ki ayat padhte ho.
Sajdah e Tilawat kon nahi kar sakta? Khawateen apne hais ya nifas me rehte, unpe Sajdah e Tilawat karna wajib nahi hai. Aur, Imam ya unke peeche ki jamat par bhi Sajdah e Tilawat wajib nahi hai agarche wo jamat me se kisi ko Ayat e Sajdah padhte hue sunte hai. Lekin agar imam khud Ayat e Sajdah padhte hai, saarey log jo suntey hai Sajdah karna hoga. Sajdah e Tilawat ke liye, wajib hone ke liye aapko ya toh padhna hoga ya sunna hoga.
Agar aap isey Quran se nahi bhi padhte ho, aap ek tafseer padh rahe ho alag zuban mein, koi aur zuban mein, aur aap ne ayat ko Arabic me padha, toh aapka sajdah karna hoga. Ye wajib hai.
Agar aap Quran ko radio ya television ke zariye bhi suntey ho, jab Ayat e sajdah aaye toh aapko
Sajdah e Tilawat karna hai, ye wajib hai.
Aur Sajdah e Tilawat 14 jagah hai, Ayat e Sajdah – السجدة آياتSura Al-A’raf [Quran 7:206] mein, Sura Ar-Ra’d [Quran 13:15], Sura An-Nahl [Quran 16:50], Sura Al-Isra’ [Quran 17:109], Sura Maryam
[Quran 19:58], Sura Al-Hajj [Quran 22:18], Sura Al-Furqan [Quran 25:60], Sura An-Naml [Quran 27:26], Sura As-Sajda [Quran 32:15], Sura As-Saad [Quran 38:24], Sura Fussilat [Quran 41:38], Sura An-Najm [Quran 53:62], Sura Al-Inshiqaq [Quran 84:21] aur Sura Al-‘Alaq [Quran 96:19].
Shafi’i madhhab Surah Al-Hajj mein do sajdah shumar karte(ginte) hai. Hanafi madhhab mein, hum sirf ek sajdah karte hai. Isiliye baaz Quran mein neeche note(alamat) hote hai Shafi’i madhhab kehkar. Turkey aasha’at Quran mein, surah ke aakhir mein sajdah ki koi alamat nahi hamare pas lekin baaki aash’at mein, Middle East ya Far East me, wo ye surah ke do sajdah batate hai.
Aur agar Imam Ayat e sajdah padhte hai namaz ke dauraan aur jamat ke bahar koi sunta hai, koi jo masjid mein baitha ho, unhe sajdah e Tilawat karna hoga.
Sajdah e Tilawat kaise karey? Aap khade ho jaye, aap kahe, ‘Nawaytu Sajda At-Tilawat نوايتو ساجدة التلاوات, aap ye niyyat karey, aur bina hath uthaye aap ‘Allahu Akbar’ kahey, aur aap sajdah me chale jaye aur kahe ‘Subhana Rabbi Al-A’la سبحان ربي الأعلى teen bar, phir aap uthege ‘Allahu Akbar’ kehte phir se aur tilawat karna ya namaz padhna jaari rakhege. Aur agar aap namaz jaari nahi rakhte yoh
aap kahege: ‘Sam’ina wa ata’na, ghufranaka Rabbana wa ilaykal masir’
“سَمِعۡنَا وَأَطَعۡنَاۖ غُفۡرَانَكَ رَبَّنَا وَإِلَيۡكَ ٱلۡمَصِيرُ.”
sajdah ke bad, aur ye kaafi hai. Aapko hath uthane ki zarurat nahi hai, bas khade ho jaye aur ek bar sajdah me chale jaye, ek bar kaafi hai aur bas. Aur agar aap bhool jao, jab aapko yaad aaye aap sajda ada kar sakte hai, ye theek hai.
Wa mina Allah Tawfeeq Fatiha